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A Final Round-Up of Publications and Other Updates from 2024

I disappeared on summer holidays pretty much immediately after my keynote on practice mapping at the ACSPRI conference in Sydney in late November, so I haven’t yet had a chance to round up my and our last few publications for the year (as well as a handful of early arrivals from 2025). And what a year it’s been – although it’s felt as if I’ve taken a more supportive than leading role these past few months, there have still been quite a few new developments, and a good lot more to come. I’ll group these thematically here:

 

Polarisation, Destructive or Otherwise

Central to the work of my current Australian Laureate Fellowship has been the development of our concept of destructive polarisation, and exploration of the five key symptoms we’ve identified for it: (a) breakdown of communication; (b) discrediting and dismissing of information; (c) erasure of complexities; (d) exacerbated attention to and space for extreme voices; and (e) exclusion through emotions. The point here is to distinguish such clearly problematic dynamics from other forms of polarisation that are more quotidian and benign, and may even be beneficial as they enable different sides of an argument to better define what they stand for. Where polarisation becomes destructive, on the other hand, mainstream political and societal cohesion declines and fails (and aren’t we seeing a lot of that at the moment…). I’ve got to pay tribute here to my Laureate Fellowship team, and especially the four Postdoctoral Research Associates Katharina Esau, Tariq dos Santos Choucair, Sebastian Svegaard, and Samantha Vilkins – Katharina in particular drove the development of this concept from its first presentation at the 2023 ICA conference in Toronto to the comprehensive journal article which has now been published in Information, Communication & Society:

Katharina Esau, Tariq Choucair, Samantha Vilkins, Sebastian F.K. Svegaard, Axel Bruns, Kate O'Connor-Farfan, and Carly Lubicz-Zaorski. “Destructive Polarization in Digital Communication Contexts: A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework.Information, Communication & Society, 2024. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2024.2413127.

Meanwhile, I’ve led the writing on a second article that also outlines this concept and provides some further examples for its symptoms. This has now been published in the new Routledge Handbook of Political Campaigning, and counts as our first publication in 2025:

Source and Engagement Diversity for Australian News on Facebook

The final day at thre AANZCA 2024 conference starts with a session on online news consumption, and the first speaker is Cameron McTernan, whose interest is in source and exposure diversity on Facebook. Facebook remains the most popular social media platform in Australia, but the future of news on the platform is in some doubt, given the impact of the News Media Bargaining Code and Meta’s intention to downrank or even remove news from its platforms.

Facebook’s Oversight Board as a New Phase of Platform Self-Regulation

The next speaker in this AANZCA 2024 conference is Rumeng Cao, whose focus is on Facebook’s Oversight Board, an independent body introduced in response to increasingly critical scrutiny of the platform’s moderation and governance decisions following the Cambridge Analytica scandal. Such governance can be divided into three phases: thin self-regulation (until 2012), strengthened self-regulation (2012-18), and the Oversight Board era (from 2018).

What Happened on Facebook during Its Australian News Ban?

I was the next speaker in this AANZCA 2024 conference session, presenting our research on the changes in news posting and engagement during Facebook’s brief news ban in Australia in late February 2021, following the introduction of Australia’s ill-fated News Media Bargaining Code. We would have liked to examine this for the ongoing news ban in Canada since August 2023, too, but unfortunately the Facebook URL Shares dataset has not been updated since November 2022, so we have not data to work with at this stage.

My slides are below:

Newssharing on Facebook by Australian Politicians

The final speaker in this AANZCA 2024 conference session is Cameron McTernan, whose interest is in the sharing of Australian news on Facebook, especially by politicians. This can be understood through the lens of agenda-setting theory: news media content plays a crucial role in shaping what public issues audiences learn about, and politicians’ sharing of news media content seeks to channel and affect these processes. (There are also questions about the extent of such agenda-setting power.)

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